Aminoácidos: ionización y propiedades ácido-base

Los aminoácidos son compuestos anfóteros, lo que significa que muestran al mismo tiempo carácter ácido y básico. Aquí puedes ver el aminoácido genérico en sus tres formas de ionización: protonado, de ion doble (“zwitterión”) y desprotonado:

Jmol._Canvas2D (Jmol) "myJmol1"[x] script 1 started zoomLarge = false spinY = 12 disablePopupMenu = true      FileManager.getAtomSetCollectionFromFile(aa_proto.mol) FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa_proto.mol The Resolver thinks Mol generic_aa+.mol                generic_aa+.mol Time for openFile(aa_proto.mol): 140 ms reading 10 atoms ModelSet: haveSymmetry:false haveUnitcells:false haveFractionalCoord:false 1 model in this collection. Use getProperty "modelInfo" or getProperty "auxiliaryInfo" to inspect them. Default Van der Waals type for model set to Babel 10 atoms created ModelSet: not autobonding; use forceAutobond=true to force automatic bond creation Time for creating model: 7 ms generic_aa+.mol      loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/BioResolver.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/AlphaMonomer.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/Monomer.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/ProteinStructure.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/Helix.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/Sheet.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/AminoPolymer.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/AlphaPolymer.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/BioPolymer.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/Turn.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/JM/AminoMonomer.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/core/corebio.z.js JSmol exec myJmol2 start applet null Jmol JavaScript applet myJmol2__173266030556374__ initializing Jmol getValue debug null Jmol getValue logLevel null Jmol getValue allowjavascript null AppletRegistry.checkIn(myJmol2__173266030556374__) vwrOptions: { "name":"myJmol2","applet":true,"documentBase":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm","platform":"J.awtjs2d.Platform","fullName":"myJmol2__173266030556374__","menuFile":"../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu","language":"es","codePath":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/j2s/","display":"myJmol2_canvas2d","signedApplet":"true","appletReadyCallback":"Jmol._readyCallback","statusListener":"[J.appletjs.Jmol object]","syncId":"173266030556374","bgcolor":"#09176E" } setting document base to "https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm" Loading language resource https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po 573 translations loaded (C) 2015 Jmol Development Jmol Version: 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 java.vendor: Java2Script (HTML5) java.version: 2016-10-21 06:39:01 (JSmol/j2s) os.name: Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) Access: ALL memory: 0.0/0.0 processors available: 1 useCommandThread: false appletId:myJmol2 (signed) Jmol getValue emulate null defaults = "Jmol" Jmol getValue boxbgcolor null Jmol getValue bgcolor #09176E backgroundColor = "#09176E" Jmol getValue ANIMFRAMECallback null Jmol getValue APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADYCallback = "Jmol._readyCallback" callback set for APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADY Jmol getValue ATOMMOVEDCallback null Jmol getValue CLICKCallback null Jmol getValue DRAGDROPCallback null Jmol getValue ECHOCallback null Jmol getValue ERRORCallback null Jmol getValue EVALCallback null Jmol getValue HOVERCallback null Jmol getValue IMAGECallback null Jmol getValue LOADSTRUCTCallback null Jmol getValue MEASURECallback null Jmol getValue MESSAGECallback null Jmol getValue MINIMIZATIONCallback null Jmol getValue SERVICECallback null Jmol getValue PICKCallback null Jmol getValue RESIZECallback null Jmol getValue SCRIPTCallback null Jmol getValue SYNCCallback null Jmol getValue STRUCTUREMODIFIEDCallback null requested language=es; Jmol getValue doTranslate null language=es Jmol getValue popupMenu null Setting menu from file ../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/JSmol/biomodel-1.menu callback set for menu # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.2_2016.08.28 2016-08-28 07:48 # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 # AH customized for Biomodel-1 (removing not needed items)      popupMenu = selectMenuText renderMenu colorMenu - surfaceMenu - pickingMenu - fileMenu advancedMenu aboutMenu fileMenu | File = SIGNEDNOGLwritePng SIGNEDNOGLwritePngJmol SIGNEDNOGLwritePovray - SIGNEDNOGLwriteVrml - saveMenu # saveMenu cannot be removed renderMenu | Style = renderCpkSpacefill renderBallAndStick renderSticks PDBrenderCartoonsOnly PDBrenderTraceOnly - atomMenu labelMenu bondMenu hbondMenu ssbondMenu - PDBstructureMenu - perspectiveDepthCB stereoMenu colorMenu | Color = [color_]schemeMenu - [color_atoms]Menu [color_bonds]Menu [color_hbonds]Menu [color_ssbonds]Menu colorPDBStructuresMenu [color_isosurface]Menu [color_atoms]Menu | Atoms = @COLOR - opaque translucent      advancedMenu | Avanzado = showConsole languageComputedMenu defaultMnu defaultMnu | Menú completo = load menu "xx.mnu" # file not found, will default to std menu null Jmol getValue script null Jmol getValue loadInline null Jmol getValue load null Jmol applet myJmol2__173266030556374__ ready		Jmol._Canvas2D (Jmol) "myJmol2"[x] script 1 started zoomLarge = false spinY = 12 disablePopupMenu = true      FileManager.getAtomSetCollectionFromFile(aa_zwit.mol) FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa_zwit.mol The Resolver thinks Mol generic_aa_zw.mol                generic_aa_zw.mol Time for openFile(aa_zwit.mol): 131 ms reading 9 atoms ModelSet: haveSymmetry:false haveUnitcells:false haveFractionalCoord:false 1 model in this collection. Use getProperty "modelInfo" or getProperty "auxiliaryInfo" to inspect them. Default Van der Waals type for model set to Babel 9 atoms created ModelSet: not autobonding; use forceAutobond=true to force automatic bond creation Time for creating model: 2 ms generic_aa_zw.mol      1 átomos seleccionados loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/core/coretext.z.js JSmol exec myJmol3 start applet null Jmol JavaScript applet myJmol3__173266030556374__ initializing Jmol getValue debug null Jmol getValue logLevel null Jmol getValue allowjavascript null AppletRegistry.checkIn(myJmol3__173266030556374__) vwrOptions: { "name":"myJmol3","applet":true,"documentBase":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm","platform":"J.awtjs2d.Platform","fullName":"myJmol3__173266030556374__","menuFile":"../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu","language":"es","codePath":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/j2s/","display":"myJmol3_canvas2d","signedApplet":"true","appletReadyCallback":"Jmol._readyCallback","statusListener":"[J.appletjs.Jmol object]","syncId":"173266030556374","bgcolor":"#09176E" } setting document base to "https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm" Loading language resource https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po 573 translations loaded (C) 2015 Jmol Development Jmol Version: 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 java.vendor: Java2Script (HTML5) java.version: 2016-10-21 06:39:01 (JSmol/j2s) os.name: Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) Access: ALL memory: 0.0/0.0 processors available: 1 useCommandThread: false appletId:myJmol3 (signed) Jmol getValue emulate null defaults = "Jmol" Jmol getValue boxbgcolor null Jmol getValue bgcolor #09176E backgroundColor = "#09176E" Jmol getValue ANIMFRAMECallback null Jmol getValue APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADYCallback = "Jmol._readyCallback" callback set for APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADY Jmol getValue ATOMMOVEDCallback null Jmol getValue CLICKCallback null Jmol getValue DRAGDROPCallback null Jmol getValue ECHOCallback null Jmol getValue ERRORCallback null Jmol getValue EVALCallback null Jmol getValue HOVERCallback null Jmol getValue IMAGECallback null Jmol getValue LOADSTRUCTCallback null Jmol getValue MEASURECallback null Jmol getValue MESSAGECallback null Jmol getValue MINIMIZATIONCallback null Jmol getValue SERVICECallback null Jmol getValue PICKCallback null Jmol getValue RESIZECallback null Jmol getValue SCRIPTCallback null Jmol getValue SYNCCallback null Jmol getValue STRUCTUREMODIFIEDCallback null requested language=es; Jmol getValue doTranslate null language=es Jmol getValue popupMenu null Setting menu from file ../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/JSmol/biomodel-1.menu callback set for menu # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.2_2016.08.28 2016-08-28 07:48 # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 # AH customized for Biomodel-1 (removing not needed items)      popupMenu = selectMenuText renderMenu colorMenu - surfaceMenu - pickingMenu - fileMenu advancedMenu aboutMenu fileMenu | File = SIGNEDNOGLwritePng SIGNEDNOGLwritePngJmol SIGNEDNOGLwritePovray - SIGNEDNOGLwriteVrml - saveMenu # saveMenu cannot be removed renderMenu | Style = renderCpkSpacefill renderBallAndStick renderSticks PDBrenderCartoonsOnly PDBrenderTraceOnly - atomMenu labelMenu bondMenu hbondMenu ssbondMenu - PDBstructureMenu - perspectiveDepthCB stereoMenu colorMenu | Color = [color_]schemeMenu - [color_atoms]Menu [color_bonds]Menu [color_hbonds]Menu [color_ssbonds]Menu colorPDBStructuresMenu [color_isosurface]Menu [color_atoms]Menu | Atoms = @COLOR - opaque translucent      advancedMenu | Avanzado = showConsole languageComputedMenu defaultMnu defaultMnu | Menú completo = load menu "xx.mnu" # file not found, will default to std menu null Jmol getValue script null Jmol getValue loadInline null Jmol getValue load null Jmol applet myJmol3__173266030556374__ ready		Jmol._Canvas2D (Jmol) "myJmol3"[x] script 1 started zoomLarge = false spinY = 12 disablePopupMenu = true      FileManager.getAtomSetCollectionFromFile(aa_desproto.mol) FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa_desproto.mol The Resolver thinks Mol generic_aa_-.mol                generic_aa_-.mol Time for openFile(aa_desproto.mol): 141 ms reading 8 atoms ModelSet: haveSymmetry:false haveUnitcells:false haveFractionalCoord:false 1 model in this collection. Use getProperty "modelInfo" or getProperty "auxiliaryInfo" to inspect them. Default Van der Waals type for model set to Babel 8 atoms created ModelSet: not autobonding; use forceAutobond=true to force automatic bond creation Time for creating model: 2 ms generic_aa_-.mol      1 átomos seleccionados 8 átomos seleccionados 1 átomos seleccionados 8 átomos seleccionados Script completed Jmol script terminated JSmol exec curva start applet null Jmol JavaScript applet curva__173266030556374__ initializing Jmol getValue debug null Jmol getValue logLevel null Jmol getValue allowjavascript null AppletRegistry.checkIn(curva__173266030556374__) vwrOptions: { "name":"curva","applet":true,"documentBase":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm","platform":"J.awtjs2d.Platform","fullName":"curva__173266030556374__","menuFile":"../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu","language":"es","codePath":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/j2s/","display":"curva_canvas2d","signedApplet":"true","appletReadyCallback":"Jmol._readyCallback","statusListener":"[J.appletjs.Jmol object]","syncId":"173266030556374","bgcolor":"#09176E" } setting document base to "https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm" Loading language resource https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po 573 translations loaded (C) 2015 Jmol Development Jmol Version: 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 java.vendor: Java2Script (HTML5) java.version: 2016-10-21 06:39:01 (JSmol/j2s) os.name: Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) Access: ALL memory: 0.0/0.0 processors available: 1 useCommandThread: false appletId:curva (signed) Jmol getValue emulate null defaults = "Jmol" Jmol getValue boxbgcolor null Jmol getValue bgcolor #09176E backgroundColor = "#09176E" Jmol getValue ANIMFRAMECallback null Jmol getValue APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADYCallback = "Jmol._readyCallback" callback set for APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADY Jmol getValue ATOMMOVEDCallback null Jmol getValue CLICKCallback null Jmol getValue DRAGDROPCallback null Jmol getValue ECHOCallback null Jmol getValue ERRORCallback null Jmol getValue EVALCallback null Jmol getValue HOVERCallback null Jmol getValue IMAGECallback null Jmol getValue LOADSTRUCTCallback null Jmol getValue MEASURECallback null Jmol getValue MESSAGECallback null Jmol getValue MINIMIZATIONCallback null Jmol getValue SERVICECallback null Jmol getValue PICKCallback null Jmol getValue RESIZECallback null Jmol getValue SCRIPTCallback null Jmol getValue SYNCCallback null Jmol getValue STRUCTUREMODIFIEDCallback null requested language=es; Jmol getValue doTranslate null language=es Jmol getValue popupMenu null Setting menu from file ../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/JSmol/biomodel-1.menu callback set for menu # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.2_2016.08.28 2016-08-28 07:48 # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 # AH customized for Biomodel-1 (removing not needed items)      popupMenu = selectMenuText renderMenu colorMenu - surfaceMenu - pickingMenu - fileMenu advancedMenu aboutMenu fileMenu | File = SIGNEDNOGLwritePng SIGNEDNOGLwritePngJmol SIGNEDNOGLwritePovray - SIGNEDNOGLwriteVrml - saveMenu # saveMenu cannot be removed renderMenu | Style = renderCpkSpacefill renderBallAndStick renderSticks PDBrenderCartoonsOnly PDBrenderTraceOnly - atomMenu labelMenu bondMenu hbondMenu ssbondMenu - PDBstructureMenu - perspectiveDepthCB stereoMenu colorMenu | Color = [color_]schemeMenu - [color_atoms]Menu [color_bonds]Menu [color_hbonds]Menu [color_ssbonds]Menu colorPDBStructuresMenu [color_isosurface]Menu [color_atoms]Menu | Atoms = @COLOR - opaque translucent      advancedMenu | Avanzado = showConsole languageComputedMenu defaultMnu defaultMnu | Menú completo = load menu "xx.mnu" # file not found, will default to std menu null Jmol getValue script null Jmol getValue loadInline null Jmol getValue load null Jmol applet curva__173266030556374__ ready
+H3N-CHR-COOH		+H3N-CHR-COO−		H2N-CHR-COO−

La forma más sencilla de estudiar estos equilibrios de ionización es realizar una valoración (o titulación) ácido-base. Un modo de hacerla es disolver el aminoácido a un pH muy bajo (por ej., pH=1) e ir añadiendo poco a poco una base fuerte, a la vez que se va midiendo el pH. Así se obtiene una curva de valoración como éstas:

Ejemplo nº1

	Si pulsas con el ratón sobre las distintas zonas de esta curva, podrás ver cuál es la forma del aminoácido que predomina en cada una.
	Forma predominante: Jmol._Canvas2D (Jmol) "curva"[x] script 1 started zoomLarge = false spinY = 12 disablePopupMenu = true pulsa en una de |las zonas 1,2,3,4 de |la figura a la izquierda Script completed Jmol script terminated JSmol exec curva2 start applet null Jmol JavaScript applet curva2__173266030556374__ initializing Jmol getValue debug null Jmol getValue logLevel null Jmol getValue allowjavascript null AppletRegistry.checkIn(curva2__173266030556374__) vwrOptions: { "name":"curva2","applet":true,"documentBase":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm","platform":"J.awtjs2d.Platform","fullName":"curva2__173266030556374__","menuFile":"../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu","language":"es","codePath":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/j2s/","display":"curva2_canvas2d","signedApplet":"true","appletReadyCallback":"Jmol._readyCallback","statusListener":"[J.appletjs.Jmol object]","syncId":"173266030556374","bgcolor":"#09176E" } setting document base to "https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm" Loading language resource https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po 573 translations loaded (C) 2015 Jmol Development Jmol Version: 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 java.vendor: Java2Script (HTML5) java.version: 2016-10-21 06:39:01 (JSmol/j2s) os.name: Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) Access: ALL memory: 0.0/0.0 processors available: 1 useCommandThread: false appletId:curva2 (signed) Jmol getValue emulate null defaults = "Jmol" Jmol getValue boxbgcolor null Jmol getValue bgcolor #09176E backgroundColor = "#09176E" Jmol getValue ANIMFRAMECallback null Jmol getValue APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADYCallback = "Jmol._readyCallback" callback set for APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADY Jmol getValue ATOMMOVEDCallback null Jmol getValue CLICKCallback null Jmol getValue DRAGDROPCallback null Jmol getValue ECHOCallback null Jmol getValue ERRORCallback null Jmol getValue EVALCallback null Jmol getValue HOVERCallback null Jmol getValue IMAGECallback null Jmol getValue LOADSTRUCTCallback null Jmol getValue MEASURECallback null Jmol getValue MESSAGECallback null Jmol getValue MINIMIZATIONCallback null Jmol getValue SERVICECallback null Jmol getValue PICKCallback null Jmol getValue RESIZECallback null Jmol getValue SCRIPTCallback null Jmol getValue SYNCCallback null Jmol getValue STRUCTUREMODIFIEDCallback null requested language=es; Jmol getValue doTranslate null language=es Jmol getValue popupMenu null Setting menu from file ../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/JSmol/biomodel-1.menu callback set for menu # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.2_2016.08.28 2016-08-28 07:48 # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 # AH customized for Biomodel-1 (removing not needed items)      popupMenu = selectMenuText renderMenu colorMenu - surfaceMenu - pickingMenu - fileMenu advancedMenu aboutMenu fileMenu | File = SIGNEDNOGLwritePng SIGNEDNOGLwritePngJmol SIGNEDNOGLwritePovray - SIGNEDNOGLwriteVrml - saveMenu # saveMenu cannot be removed renderMenu | Style = renderCpkSpacefill renderBallAndStick renderSticks PDBrenderCartoonsOnly PDBrenderTraceOnly - atomMenu labelMenu bondMenu hbondMenu ssbondMenu - PDBstructureMenu - perspectiveDepthCB stereoMenu colorMenu | Color = [color_]schemeMenu - [color_atoms]Menu [color_bonds]Menu [color_hbonds]Menu [color_ssbonds]Menu colorPDBStructuresMenu [color_isosurface]Menu [color_atoms]Menu | Atoms = @COLOR - opaque translucent      advancedMenu | Avanzado = showConsole languageComputedMenu defaultMnu defaultMnu | Menú completo = load menu "xx.mnu" # file not found, will default to std menu null Jmol getValue script null Jmol getValue loadInline null Jmol getValue load null Jmol applet curva2__173266030556374__ ready	Ejercicio 1: ¿Cuál es la forma mostrada? H2N-CH(COO−)-CH2-COO− +H3N-CH(COO−)-CH2-COOH +H3N-CH(COO−)-CH2-COO− +H3N-CH(COOH)-CH2-COOH Ejercicio 2: ¿De qué aminoácido se trata? ...AlaArgAsnAspCysGlnGluGlyHisIleLeuLysMetPheProSerThrTrpTyrVal

Ejemplo nº2

	Si pulsas con el ratón sobre las distintas zonas de esta curva, podrás ver cuál es la forma del aminoácido que predomina en cada una.
	Forma predominante: Jmol._Canvas2D (Jmol) "curva2"[x] loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/core/package.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/core/corejmol.z.js loadScript ../../JSmol/j2s/core/corescript.z.js JSmol exec myJmol1 start applet null Jmol JavaScript applet myJmol1__173266030556374__ initializing Jmol getValue debug null Jmol getValue logLevel null Jmol getValue allowjavascript null AppletRegistry.checkIn(myJmol1__173266030556374__) vwrOptions: { "name":"myJmol1","applet":true,"documentBase":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm","platform":"J.awtjs2d.Platform","fullName":"myJmol1__173266030556374__","menuFile":"../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu","language":"es","codePath":"https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/j2s/","display":"myJmol1_canvas2d","signedApplet":"true","appletReadyCallback":"Jmol._readyCallback","statusListener":"[J.appletjs.Jmol object]","syncId":"173266030556374","bgcolor":"#09176E" } setting document base to "https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/aa-ion.htm" Loading language resource https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/model1j/prot/../../JSmol/idioma/es.po 573 translations loaded (C) 2015 Jmol Development Jmol Version: 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 java.vendor: Java2Script (HTML5) java.version: 2016-10-21 06:39:01 (JSmol/j2s) os.name: Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) Access: ALL memory: 0.0/0.0 processors available: 1 useCommandThread: false appletId:myJmol1 (signed) Jmol getValue emulate null defaults = "Jmol" Jmol getValue boxbgcolor null Jmol getValue bgcolor #09176E backgroundColor = "#09176E" Jmol getValue ANIMFRAMECallback null Jmol getValue APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADYCallback = "Jmol._readyCallback" callback set for APPLETREADYCallback Jmol._readyCallback APPLETREADY Jmol getValue ATOMMOVEDCallback null Jmol getValue CLICKCallback null Jmol getValue DRAGDROPCallback null Jmol getValue ECHOCallback null Jmol getValue ERRORCallback null Jmol getValue EVALCallback null Jmol getValue HOVERCallback null Jmol getValue IMAGECallback null Jmol getValue LOADSTRUCTCallback null Jmol getValue MEASURECallback null Jmol getValue MESSAGECallback null Jmol getValue MINIMIZATIONCallback null Jmol getValue SERVICECallback null Jmol getValue PICKCallback null Jmol getValue RESIZECallback null Jmol getValue SCRIPTCallback null Jmol getValue SYNCCallback null Jmol getValue STRUCTUREMODIFIEDCallback null requested language=es; Jmol getValue doTranslate null language=es Jmol getValue popupMenu null Setting menu from file ../../JSmol/biomodel-1.menu FileManager opening url https://biomodel.web.uah.es/JSmol/biomodel-1.menu callback set for menu # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.2_2016.08.28 2016-08-28 07:48 # popupMenu.mnu Jmol version 14.6.4_2016.10.26 2016-10-26 12:26 # AH customized for Biomodel-1 (removing not needed items)      popupMenu = selectMenuText renderMenu colorMenu - surfaceMenu - pickingMenu - fileMenu advancedMenu aboutMenu fileMenu | File = SIGNEDNOGLwritePng SIGNEDNOGLwritePngJmol SIGNEDNOGLwritePovray - SIGNEDNOGLwriteVrml - saveMenu # saveMenu cannot be removed renderMenu | Style = renderCpkSpacefill renderBallAndStick renderSticks PDBrenderCartoonsOnly PDBrenderTraceOnly - atomMenu labelMenu bondMenu hbondMenu ssbondMenu - PDBstructureMenu - perspectiveDepthCB stereoMenu colorMenu | Color = [color_]schemeMenu - [color_atoms]Menu [color_bonds]Menu [color_hbonds]Menu [color_ssbonds]Menu colorPDBStructuresMenu [color_isosurface]Menu [color_atoms]Menu | Atoms = @COLOR - opaque translucent      advancedMenu | Avanzado = showConsole languageComputedMenu defaultMnu defaultMnu | Menú completo = load menu "xx.mnu" # file not found, will default to std menu null Jmol getValue script null Jmol getValue loadInline null Jmol getValue load null Jmol applet myJmol1__173266030556374__ ready script 1 started zoomLarge = false spinY = 12 disablePopupMenu = true pulsa en una de |las zonas 1,2,3,4 de |la figura a la izquierda Script completed Jmol script terminated 1 átomos seleccionados 1 átomos seleccionados 9 átomos seleccionados 1 átomos seleccionados 9 átomos seleccionados Script completed Jmol script terminated 10 átomos seleccionados 1 átomos seleccionados 10 átomos seleccionados Script completed Jmol script terminated	Ejercicio 1: ¿Cuál es la forma mostrada? H2N-CH(COO−)-CH2-(C3N2H3) +H3N-CH(COO−)-CH2-(C3N2H4)+ +H3N-CH(COO−)-CH2-(C3N2H3) +H3N-CH(COOH)-CH2-(C3N2H4)+ Ejercicio 2: ¿De qué aminoácido se trata? ...AlaArgAsnAspCysGlnGluGlyHisIleLeuLysMetPheProSerThrTrpTyrVal

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